Criminal Justice Processes

Explore key aspects of the criminal justice system, from crime reporting and arrest procedures to prosecutorial systems, victim protection, and alternatives to imprisonment. Gain vital knowledge about legal rights, evidence collection, and the processes that shape justice outcomes. This information is crucial for anyone interested in law, criminal justice, or civic engagement.

Criminal Justice Processes

1 Reporting Of Crimes

  1. The Police and Investigation of Cognizable Offences
  2. The Police and Investigation of Non-Cognizable Offences
  3. Territorial Limits of the Police to Investigate Cognizable Offences
  4. Relationship between the Police and the Judiciary
  5. What is First Information Report – FIR?
  6. Ambit and Scope of First Information Report
  7. Nature and Contents of First Information Report
  8. Salient Features of First Information Report
  9. First Information Report – Whom to be sent?
  10. How to Lodge First Information Report
  11. Persons who can lodge First Information Report
  12. Evidentiary Value/Importance of First Information Report

2 Arrest, Detention, Search And Seizure

  1. Circumstances under which a Person can be arrested
  2. How Arrest is made
  3. After-arrest Procedures
  4. Rights of Arrested Person
  5. Guidelines and Instructions to the Police issued By the Supreme Court
  6. Consequences of non-compliance with the provisions relating to Arrest
  7. Detention of the Person Arrested
  8. Search and Seizure at the Scene of Crime
  9. Search and Seizure at Different Places u/ss 165 and 166 read with Section 100 of CrPC
  10. Procedures to be followed during Search and Seizure u/s 100 of CrPC
  11. Disposal of the Seized property

3 Interrogation And Collection Of Evidence

  1. Examination of Witnesses
  2. Recording of Statement of Witness u/s 164(5) of CrPC
  3. Dying Declaration
  4. Interrogation of Accused Person
  5. Confession
  6. Extra-judicial Confession
  7. Discovery of Facts u/s 27 of the Evidence Act
  8. Test Identification Parade
  9. Accomplice
  10. Collection of Documentary Evidence

4 Bial And Remand Process

  1. Bails in Bailable Offences
  2. Bails in Non-Bailable Offences
  3. Anticipatory Bail
  4. Remand Process

5 Prosecutorial System

  1. Stages of a Criminal Trial
  2. Definition of Public Prosecutor
  3. Appointment of Public Prosecutors and Additional Public Prosecutors for High Courts
  4. Special Public Prosecutor (SPP)
  5. Public Prosecutors for the Districts
  6. Directorate of Prosecution (DOP)
  7. Women Prosecutors
  8. Powers and Duties of Public Prosecutor
  9. Prosecution System in India
  10. Position in other Countries
  11. Need for Reform

6 Protection of Victims and Witnesses

  1. Arrest and Detention
  2. After-arrest Procedures
  3. Rights of Arrested Person
  4. Guidelines and Instructions to the Police issued By the Supreme Court
  5. Consequences of non-compliance with the provisions relating to Arrest
  6. Detention of the Person Arrested
  7. Search and Seizure

7 Framing Of Charge

  1. Examination of Witnesses
  2. Recording of Statement of Witness u/s 164(5) of CrPC
  3. Dying Declaration
  4. Interrogation of Accused Person
  5. Confession
  6. Discovery of Facts u/s 27 of the Evidence Act
  7. Test Identification Parade
  8. Accomplice
  9. Collection of Documentary Evidence

8 Current Practices and Procedures (Withdrawal of Prosecution)

  1. Bails
  2. Bails in Bailable Offences
  3. Bails in Non-Bailable Offences
  4. Anticipatory Bail
  5. Remand Process

9 Rights Of Accused

  1. Constitutional Rights of the Accused
  2. Procedural Safeguards to the accused
  3. Rights to legal consultation and Legal Aid

10 Compensatory Jurisprudence

  1. History of compensatory jurisprudence
  2. Compensatory jurisprudence in India
  3. Legislative Provisions in India
  4. Judicial Response Towards Payment of Compensation to the Victims
  5. Compensation and Women Victims

11 Plea Bargaining

  1. Meaning of Plea Bargaining
  2. Types of Plea Bargaining
  3. Plea Bargaining in US and Other Countries
  4. Recommendations of Law Commission of India
  5. Plea Bargaining in India
  6. Judicial Pronouncements on Plea Bargaining
  7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Plea Bargaining

12 Acquittal And Conviction

  1. Meaning of Acquittal
  2. Conviction for Offence Charged
  3. Conviction on Plea of Guilty
  4. Post Conviction Orders
  5. Judgment of acquittal or conviction
  6. Proof of previous conviction or acquittal
  7. General Provisions relating to Acquittal and Conviction

13 Prison As A System – History And Philosophy

  1. Conceptual evolution – Philosophy of Prison
  2. History of prison Development in International level
  3. Development of Prison in India prior to independence
  4. Development of prison in India after independence

14 Probation System

  1. Concept of Probation and its philosophy
  2. Origin and development of Probation System
  3. Legal Foundation of Probation in U.S.A. and U.K.
  4. History and development of Probation in India
  5. Release of offenders on Admonition
  6. Release of offenders on Probation

15 Women Prisoners

  1. Statistical Reality
  2. Criminological explanation of Female criminality
  3. History of Women Prison in India
  4. Women Prisoners and human Rights
  5. Status and living conditions of Women Prisoners – initiatives for new law
  6. Supreme Court in Women Prisoners and Children
  7. Legal provisions for women prisoners

16 Alternatives To Imprisonment

  1. Conceptual Evolution
  2. Typology
  3. Historical Study on Substitutions of Imprisonment
  4. Present Law and practice in India
  5. A critical analysis of practice of alternatives to imprisonment